从人狮拥抱视频来看哺乳动物的记忆能力（视频+论文）

forcode：两英国人1969年在伦敦养了一只狮子叫Christian，结果18个月后，小狮子长到185磅，不能继续家养。于是把Christian放养到非洲肯尼亚，在著名动物保护主义者George Adamson的引导下恢复野性。后来他们再去探望他时，得到了热情的拥抱。英国这个叫做Bornfree的野生动物保护组织CEO在博客里说，这只狮子曾经住在他们家的园子里，而他爸正是这段经典视频的拍摄者。下面是6分钟加长版的视频，由Virginia McKenna解说。该故事中的狮子与原主人分开有3年左右，仍然很快回忆起来，并给予了热烈的欢迎；小学似乎学过一篇人狮相认的课文，很有可能就是讲这个故事，但记忆中那个故事中人与狮子分开了十几年。从本文后面整理的资料来看，哺乳动物的长期记忆能力的确挺强，与其社会行为紧密相关。另外可以参考奇想录以前的一些帖子：
http://www.qixianglu.cn/631965.html

060723梦的本质、动物是否做梦、梦中排尿抑制| 奇想录
http://www.qixianglu.cn/373082.html

forcode奇想：睡眠的本质| 奇想录
http://www.qixianglu.cn/628192.html

Christian the Lion - the full story (in HQ)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=adYbFQFXG0U


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以下为资料搜集部分：
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看来，哺乳动物的长期记忆能力的确挺强：
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狗的记忆本能
犬的嗅觉记忆力通常可持续6个月，但她对主人气味的记忆以及同她有过密切关系人的声音的记忆似乎永不会消失。
犬的回家能力：犬具有回家性或方向感的本能，这也是由经验中培养出来的一种能力。对于从来未到过外面的犬，放到很远的地方再让她返回家也是比较困难的。但也有不少动人的故事，说明犬回家的能力之强，使人难以置信。有的犬被丢失在几百、几千公里之外，竟然相隔数月或者一年之后，疲备有堪地突然出现在主人的面前。类似这种事例，对于动物心理学家说来，至今仍是一个无法解开的谜。
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哺乳动物社会识别及其脑神经机制
<<生物学教学 >>2007年05期 何凤琴 , 赵银萍 , 石靖
社会识别记忆是指动物能够识别、记忆同类个体,进而建立一定的社会关系的生物学现象.本文从社会识别记忆的种类、结构基础、神经生物学机制及分子机制等几个方面综述社会识别记忆的研究进展.



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著名视频共享网站YouTube上一段人狮拥抱的视频现正"热播"。视频中,一头成年雄师与两名年轻人相见后,不但没有发动攻击,还与两人如老友般拥抱。
这头名为"克里斯蒂安"的狮子曾被两名住在英国的年轻人饲养,后被放归肯尼亚野生动物保护区。这段视频截取了两人与幼狮玩耍的几组画面,但主要内容是双方在保护区重逢时的场景。这段彩色视频没有声音,制作者借助字幕讲述故事。英国《星期日泰晤士报》27日评论说, 虽然视频截取自拍摄于30多年前的录像,但人与猛兽之间深厚的情谊如今仍打动着世人,迄今网络点击率超过600万次。

玩伴

视频中的两名年轻人是澳大利亚人约翰·伦德尔和安东尼·伯克。1969年,两人在英国伦敦西部切尔西区一个家具店工作,并住在家具店楼下。
一天,一个朋友从哈罗德百货公司购物归来后告诉他们,那里可以买到罕见的动物。出于好奇,伦德尔和伯克到哈罗德一探究竟,看到一头被关在一个小笼子里的幼狮。

这头当时体重不足16公斤的幼狮出生于一个动物园,后被卖给百货公司。伦德尔和伯克觉得它可怜,用250个英国旧金币买下它,并给它取名"克里斯蒂安"。

伦德尔和伯克把"克里斯蒂安"当作宠物饲养,经常与它一起嬉戏,一起在公园里玩足球,有时还带它出入餐馆。乘车出远门时,"克里斯蒂安"就被主人安置在他们那辆"宾利"车的后座上。这个奇异的组合成了切尔西区一道独特的风景。

放归

大约一年后,"克里斯蒂安"长成了体重84公斤的大家伙。仅一周的伙食费,伦德尔和伯克就要为它花掉30英镑。两人逐渐意识到,无法继续把"克里斯蒂安"养在家里,但又不知如何处置它。

凑巧的是,一天,演员夫妻比尔·特拉弗斯和弗吉尼娅·麦克纳到家具店挑选一张写字台。他们刚刚完成影片《狮子与我》的拍摄。《狮子与我》根据动物学家乔伊· 亚当森的著作改编而成,讲述的是母狮"埃尔莎"被放归自然的真实故事。特拉弗斯和麦克纳在片中分别扮演动物学家夫妻乔治·亚当森和乔伊·亚当森。两位演员建议伦德尔和伯克与在肯尼亚的乔治取得联系。

于是,两人带着18个月大的"克里斯蒂安"抵达肯尼亚。在那里的野生动物保护区,他们与乔治一同努力,逐步帮助"克里斯蒂安"恢复狮子的自然习性。当伦德尔和伯克确认"克里斯蒂安"已经能够在野外独立生存并拥有安全的活动空间后, 就离开肯尼亚回到了英国。

不过,他们一直与乔治保持联系,后来又数次重返肯尼亚,在野生动物保护区里远远地眺望"克里斯蒂安"的身影,以寄托思念之情。

重逢

1974年,乔治一度有3个月无法追踪到"克里斯蒂安"的踪迹。他把这一情况告知伦德尔和伯克后,两人决定重返肯尼亚,与"克里斯蒂安"作最后的告别。

就在两人抵达野生动物保护区的前一天晚上,乔治告诉他们,"克里斯蒂安"再度现身。它蹲在乔治帐篷外的岩石上,好像在等待老朋友的到来。但他同时警告说,要与"克里斯蒂安"保持一定距离,因为它已完全回复野生状态,如果野性大发, 可能会把他们撕碎。

第二天,伦德尔和伯克到达野生动物保护区,站在丛林外面等待"克里斯蒂安"。视频显示,两人身着牛仔裤,头发蓬松。"克里斯蒂安"在远处出现后,先是慢慢向他们走近,然后应该是认出了他们,于是加快速度, 几乎是奔向两位前主人。"克里斯蒂安"把前爪搭在伦德尔肩上,像幼时一样用舌头舔他的脸颊。伦德尔也张开双臂拥抱"克里斯蒂安"。双方的激动显而易见。

与"克里斯蒂安"同行的还有一头母狮。但母狮似乎对"克里斯蒂安"与两条腿的朋友关系亲密有点嫉妒。这时,乔治提醒两人是时候离开了。他们向露营的帐篷走去,"克里斯蒂安"一直跟随,并在帐篷外一直待到晚上其他人回帐篷。

重逢的第二天,"克里斯蒂安"返回丛林。在丛林的边缘,那头母狮在等它。但从那以后,人们再也没有看到过"克里斯蒂安"的身影。

如今住在澳大利亚的伦德尔说,他不知道谁把这段录像放到了互联网上,不过他并不介意。美国微软-全国广播网26日援引他的话报道:"这是个充满了爱的故事,看到人们对它充满兴趣,我们很高兴。"伦德尔希望借此让更多人关注野生动物保护问题。

THE heart-tugging video diary of Christian the lion, a big cat who lived in a London antiques shop, has become an internet sensation - 38 years after he was returned to life in the African bush. The home movie has been watched 6m times on YouTube and other sites, rekindling celebrity for two Australians who bought a lion cub from Harrods in 1969 to impress their friends.

The trio became stars in Chelsea, playing football in a park, but Christian grew too big and at 18 months he was moved to the Kenyan wildlife sanctuary featured in the film Born Free.

A year later his former owners, John Rendall and Anthony Bourke, visited the sanctuary, but its founder, George Adamson, warned them to stay away from Christian, who was now in the wild and had his own pride. He said the lion would tear them to pieces.

Instead, as the film shows, Christian rushed towards them, putting his paws on Rendall's shoulders and licking his face in joy. It is a moment of touching friendship that has reduced millions to tears, say critics, who believe Christian, along with other "positive" video hits such as the dancing man, where a chunky American dances badly across the world, show how the net is becoming more family-friendly.

After the meeting, Christian was never seen again.

Many thanks to The Sunday Times (27-07-08) & TimesOnline

http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news...

for covering the story and for linking to my video.

To see the whole amazing story, buy the full dvd at http://www.bornfree.org.uk/shop/acata... and help The Born Free Foundation save more wildlife.

There's also more info at Wikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christia...

Christian left the Kora Reserve in 1973. He made his new territory along the Tana river, but when the Wakamba herdsmen kept bringing their livestock to his hunting ground, he moved on. George Adamson said in his autobiography, "I used to count the days on which we hadn't seen Christian, but when they reached 97, I gave up recording them in my diary." Because a lion can live from 12 to 15 years in the wild, Adamson believed that Christian ended his days in the Meru National Reserve only a few miles up river.

As for the two guys, the Born Free Foundation tells me that Anthony "Ace" Bourke (referred to as Ace "Berg" on YouTube) lives in Australia as a lecturer and expert in the area of Aboriginal Art, and John Rendall lives in the UK and is a Trustee of the George Adamson Wildlife Preservation Trust.

Anyone wishing to donate to the George Adamson Wildlife Preservation Trust can do so by contacting one of the following....

George Adamson Wildlife Preservation Trust
16a Park View Road
London
N3 2JB
UK
Tel: +44 (0)20 8343 4246
Fax: +44 (0)20 8343 4048
info@georgeadamson.org

The Tony Fitzjohn/George Adamson
African Wildlife Preservation Trust
Georgianna Pennington Regnier
116 La Patera Drive
Camarillo
CA 93010
USA
+1 805 987 0997

Christian was a lion purchased in 1969 by two Australians living in London, John Rendall and Anthony 'Ace' Bourke (sometimes erroneously cited as Ace Berg) from Harrods department store.^[1] They had discovered him for sale in Harrods' exotic pets department and, concerned for his conditions and fate, decided to buy him.

Contents 1 Relocation and reunion 2 Movie 3 Viral video 4 References 5 External links

Relocation and reunion

Rendall, Bourke and their girlfriends Jennifer Mary and Unity Jones cared for the lion until it was a year old. Christian's increasing size and the cost of looking after him led them to the realization that they could not keep him in London for much longer.^[1] The solution came when Bill Travers and Virginia McKenna, stars of the film Born Free, visited Rendall and Bourke's furniture shop, where Christian spent his days. They suggested that they ask the assistance of George Adamson, the Kenyan conservationist who, together with his wife Joy, was the subject of their movie. Adamson agreed to help them rehabilitate Christian into the wild at his compound at Kora National Reserve.

Adamson slowly introduced Christian to an older lion 'Boy' and subsequently to a female cub in order to form the nucleus of a new pride. This approach was successful and over the course of several years the pride established itself in the region around Kora.

External images
	Christian with London owners John Rendall and Anthony Bourke
	Christian with George Adamson at Kora National Reserve.

When Rendall and Bourke were informed by Adamson of the successful result in 1971, they traveled to Kenya to pay one last visit to Christian in order to say goodbye. Adamson warned them that it would most likely be a wasted trip as he had not seen Christian's pride for nine months. However they discovered when they reached Kora that Christian and his pride had returned to Adamson's compound the day before their arrival.

According to Rendall, "We called him and he stood up and started to walk towards us very slowly. Then, as if he had become convinced it was us, he ran towards us, threw himself on to us, knocked us over, knocked George over and hugged us, like he used to, with his paws on our shoulders."

The reunion lasted until the next morning when everyone went to bed. According to Rendall that was the last anyone saw of Christian.

Movie

A movie titled Christian the Lion at World's End documented the relocation of Christian from England to Kenya and his successful reintroduction to the wild.

Viral video

A popular video of the reunion event received widespread dissemination beginning in 2007, more than 30 years after the event.^[2] Contrary to some sources which say it happened in 1974, the reunion actually took place in 1971, the same year the movie Christian the Lion at World's End had its UK release. From July 2008, the video has been viewed over 6,000,000 times.

References

1. ^ ^{a b} "Christian, the lion who lived in my London living room". The Daily Mail, UK, Victoria Moore, 04 May 2007.
2. ^ Reunion video of Christian, Rendall and Bourke, circa 1971

External links

• Christian the Lion and his friends.
• Christian the Lion - A True Story
• Born Free Foundation website
• Snopes.com page on Christian the Lion

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