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2007-04-17

谷歌输入法:是个丑闻,但和版权无关

最近,Google推出的谷歌输入法涉嫌盗用搜狗输入法词库,为此Google已经在其官方Blog上发表了道歉声明。因为Google在世界上一直是"不作恶"的高标准形象,所以这件事引起了不少关注。

这件事对Google来说算是一件丑闻,但是我觉得起码这不算是一个版权的丑闻。

首先,输入法的词库应该属于数据库版权,而这是一个很有争议的范畴。世界范围内,知识产权协定(TRIPS)和伯尔尼公约均把数据库看成一种"汇编 作品",我们国家著作权法对"汇编作品"的要求是"作品或作品的片段",这样所涉及到数据库就是数据本身是有版权的,比如百科全书。

而对于数据本身没有版权的,比如输入法的词库,那么只能采用"辛勤采集原则"(Industrious Collection)。在计算机不断发展的今天,很多数据库的内容不是智力创作的结果,比如用户资料等等,而数据制作的独创性方面,因为都是标准化的索 引、分类、编排,也很难说有什么区别。对这样的数据库,按照法律的定义来说其实是不属于版权的保护范围内的,除了丹麦、冰岛、芬兰、、墨西哥等少数国家法 律突破了独创性原则,在多数地方过去只能是靠加密等企业行为自行作出保护。

近年,欧盟和美国通常采用给予数据库有别于现有版权法的特别保护的办法,比如15年的保护期限等,但这一方式但遭到其他发达国家和绝大多数发展中国家的抵制。也就是说,我国的著作权法目前理论上是不包括对输入法词库的保护的。

而Google在版权保护中又处于一个十分微妙的地位。它的多项产品其实都是对传统版权制度的冲击,从已经被大家接受的全文搜索、网页快照到备受争 议的图书搜索,Google事实上处于一个突破传统版权限制的先锋地位。所以单就这一点上来说,Google采用了搜狗的词库甚至连作恶都不能算(如果你 相信Google原先的一系列产品没有作恶的话),更不要说在中国的法律范畴内违反了版权法——对这样的数据库的法律保护本身就是空白。

不过搜狗最近的声明,禁止谷歌做输入法 ,倒是法律上可能是有依据的。因为词库法律上虽然很难保护,但搜狗可以以"用搜索引擎收集词频,调整输入法"来做为独创性的方法来申请专利。这一专利如果能申请下来,那么是受中国相关知识产权法律保护的。

但这样的专利保护,其实用性如何,很受怀疑。Google的PR值等也是依据同样思路而申请的专利,但几乎所有的搜索引擎都暗中采用同样的方法,只 不过在表现形式上采用各种方法来绕开。在互联网时代几乎每个公司都会用很多专利来保护自己,但他们也都知道,这些专利其实很难真正防止其他公司的竞争。比 如,搜狗事实上无权禁止任何一家公司做输入法,只能(假设它通过专利申请)禁止对方以搜索引擎抓取词频的方式来做词库等。但如何判断一个词库是用搜索引擎 方式做的呢?怎么能分辨它不是传统的以出版物形式,或是比如用某论坛数据库的形式等来统计的呢?这几乎是无法判断的,或者说是谁都能判断,却很难在法庭上 证实。

而作为用户来讲,搜狗申请这些专利来彻底禁止其他输入法用网络来更新词库,并不是用户希望看到的结果。

前面说的似乎都是在为这一盗用做辩解?那么我需要最后表明一下态度。我一开始就说了,这次对Google来说是一个丑闻。原因不是版权,而是 Google做为一家有创造力的公司,竟然去做一个和其他公司同质的产品,还采用了最偷懒的做法,直接盗用词库。即使这在法律上没有问题,难道 Google这样的公司就安于为用户提供一个没有任何实质性创新的产品么?

Google进入中国变成谷歌,其创造力也随之衰竭。而其他的传言也令真正的Gfans失望:Google公关的崔瑾因为对此事公关不利而被开除 ——不论是有些人说的这是一个公关苦肉计博取同情的谣言,还是真的是一个事实,都是不可接受的。难道Google中国只把这件事当做一个公关事件么?难道 不是产品部门以及谷歌的领导层要为这个事情,以及一直以来谷歌的表现负责么?

正如谷歌这个名字,Google不断的让中国网民失望,我希望有人为之付出代价,但不应该是它的公关。

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Google热榜专题——CCTV倾国倾城

看来Google中国真是开窍了,本地化程度越来越高。借着奥运这股强劲的风,再依托CCTV这样强势的媒体,以Google热榜为平台,推出了《倾国倾城:最值得向世界介绍的中国名城》的主题活动。详细情况请查看 这里
点击看大图
简单的讲,这是Google利用其全球的搜索数据,统计出其他国家对中国城市的关注度,然后选出关注度最高的50个城市,再让中国的网名来投票决定最值得向世界介绍的中国名城。目前距离投票开始5天9小时31分钟,也就是说投票是在2007年4月20日中午12点开始。

这次活动最大的看点是Google中国与CCTV这样强势的传统媒体合作。Google必然会在网络上大力推广,那CCTV呢?届时我们将在电视上看到怎样的宣传?是否会采用短信投票?Google又会以怎样的方式出现在电视上呢?这一切都是非常令人期待的!

Update:这次活动的来头似乎比想象中大,Google中国只是该活动的网络合作伙伴之一,关于活动的详细大家可以查看 CCTV的官方网站
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我的科幻小说《抽水马桶的秘密》:
http://www.cmfu.com/showbook.asp?Bl_id=60008

韩裔23岁枪手因疑女友外遇枪杀33人

英报称枪击案凶手怀疑女友有外遇行凶

http://www.sina.com.cn 2007年04月17日09:28 新华网
英报称枪击案凶手怀疑女友有外遇行凶
学生互相安慰。

英报称枪击案凶手怀疑女友有外遇行凶
枪击案发生后校园内的警察

  据英国《每日邮报》17日报道,制造美国弗吉尼亚理工大学校园枪击案的凶手据称在大学的宿舍楼里与他的女友发生了争吵,他怀疑女友与他人约会。一名学生顾问对他们进行了调解,但他拔出手枪将女友和那名学生顾问射杀。

  这名凶手在两个小时后闯入校园另一端的工程系教学楼,向教学楼内的师生开枪。学生马奥伊称:"他身上携带了大量的弹药,他穿着一个插满弹夹的背心,他向教室开火。"

  这名凶手在制造美国历史上最为严重的校园枪击案后被射杀,至少有33人在这起枪击事件中丧生,15人受伤,警方相信,弗吉尼亚理工大学校园上周 遭到的三起炸弹威胁是这名男子所为,他试图借此来测试校园的安全反应措施。校击案发生的建筑物的出口都被他用锁链捆住以防止警方进入。

  学生们抱怨称,学校当局没有在第一起枪击事件发生后通过公共广播系统发布警报。他们说,他们是在第一起枪击事件发生两小时后才从电子邮件中得到信息的,凶手此时已开始再次作案。(中新 毕远)

新华网快讯:美国弗吉尼亚理工大学警长17日宣布,该校16日枪击案犯罪嫌疑人为该校一名23岁的韩国学生。

--
最新奇有趣的新技术、科幻、社会学信息:
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订阅本博客:
http://feeds.feedburner.com/woodphone
教育网BT下载博客正式推出,服务在校学生
http://4renminbi.com/edubt
我的科幻小说《抽水马桶的秘密》:
http://www.cmfu.com/showbook.asp?Bl_id=60008

一个速度很流畅的国外P2P网络电视和网络广播

收看fox新闻台非常流畅清晰,强烈推荐,需要观看国外电视节目的朋友应该试试这个软件:

Download TVUPlayer Software

Please read our Terms of Service


Latest Beta Version: 2.3.2.Beta34
Released Date:  Apr. 3, 2007
Latest Stable Version: 2.3.0
Released Date:  Nov. 17, 2006
free download

System Requirements:
1)Windows XP with Windows Media Player 9 and Internet Explorer 6 or Windows 2000 with Windows Media Player 9 and Internet Explorer 6
2) Windows Media Player 9 & Up
  Windows Media Player 10 is recommended.  Get Windows Media Player    (Click to download)
3) Broadband Internet connection, such as DSL or cable modem


Download Instructions:
1) Download the zip file to someplace convenient – the Desktop is a good choice.
2) Find the TVUPlayer folder and open it. Open the folder whose name starts with "TVUPlayer".
3) Double-click on the file whose name starts with "Setup.exe". This will start the TVUPlayer Install program.
4) In the Install program, choose the default buttons for the easiest install.


TVUPlayer User Instructions



Start the TVUPlayer

Double-click the "TVUPlayer" icon on your Desktop to start the TVUPlayer.

Play a channel

TVUPlayer has two modes: 
Channel View, which shows you the TVU channel guide
Full View, which lets you watch a particular channel
The Player always starts up in the Channel View.

The Channel View

The Channel View shows a list of all the channels showing on TVU, and also lets you pick one to watch in a small window. 
At the top of the Channel View, you can see a list of channel groups.  Today, there are two channel groups: 
All Channels, which has the list of all the channels available on TVU
Favorites, which has a list of only the channels you've designated as your favorites. 
When you first start up the Player, the Favorites group will be empty.  To select a channel group, left-click on the group name.

On the left side of the Channel View, you can see the list of  channels in the current channel group.  Each channel has a name and a TVU channel number.  You can move the list up and down by mousing over (which means putting the mouse pointer on something – you don't need to click) the up and down arrows above and below the list of channels.  You can also move the channel list up and down by left-clicking and dragging on the scroll bar at the right of the channel list.

You can learn more about a channel by mousing over its name –the blue box on the right will display additional information, if there is any.  To start watching a channel, left-click on the channel name.  It will take a little time, maybe 10 seconds depending on the speed of your Internet connection, for the channel to come up.  The status window below the video screen will keep you informed:  it first says "connecting", and then shows you the download speed for this channel.

The Full View

The Full View mode simply lets you watch one TVU channel in the whole window.  To get to the Full View mode, select a channel and then press the Full View button.

When you start up the Full View mode, you will see the Audio/Video Controls in the lower-right corner of the Full View screen.  These controls work just as described above, except that the Full View button is replaced with a Channel View button that lets you go back to the Channel View mode.

After a short while, the Audio/Video Controls, and the Windows controls at the top right of the window, will disappear.  When you want to see these controls again, all you have to do is move the mouse pointer within the TV window – the controls will come right back.

The Full View can be resized, minimized, maximized, or closed using the standard Windows controls at the top right and bottom right of the window (these are visible when the Audio/Video Controls are visible).  The Full View can't be made smaller than 400x300.  To move the Full View around on your PC desktop, bring up the Audio/Video controls (by moving the mouse within the TV window), and then left-click anywhere on the gray border of these controls and drag the screen to where you want it to be.

Store your Favorite channels

1)   Click a channel you want to watch first, and then click on "Add to Favorites" button above the TV screen on the right-hand side of the application to add that channel to your Favorite channel list.
2)   Click on the top left side "Favorites" button to view all the favorite channels you added.

Manage the Controls

The control buttons of the application is located right below the TV screen.
Mute/Un-mute:   turn off/on the sound
Volume:   increase/decrease the sound volume by sliding the volume control bar to right/left
Refresh:   refresh the selected channel
Quality/Signal:   indicate the signal status and quality of the playing channel
Full View:   switch to the Full screen view mode which lets you watch a particular channel
Channel View:   switch back to normal view mode which shows you the TVU channel guide
Resize:   click and drag the bottom right corner to enlarge/reduce the size of the application.
Status box (located at the bottom right part blow the controls on the right hand side): displays the channel status including channel connect status, download status
Minimize/Maximize:   click the minimize/maximize button on the top right corner to minimize the application in the taskbar at the bottom of your computer screen, or maximize the application to full computer screen
Close:   Minimize the application in the taskbar at the bottom of your computer screen
Stop:   right click on the spinning TVUPlayer icon next to system clock in your computer's status bar, and select "stop playing" to stop playing channel
Exit:   shut down the application

Troubleshoot

1) Bad audio/video quality at certain channel
TVU Networks leverages P2P technology to allow anyone effectively broadcast to a global audience. Bad audio/video quality can be caused by the following:
1.   The source of the content is in low quality
2.   You have limited bandwidth, and TVUPlayer is not able to download the needed data
3.   There is an in-balance in the total upload/download for this channel

2) TV screen is almost green, and cannot see the picture.
Press refresh button often resolve this issue

3) Buffer up to 100% with no picture and sound
The issue is most often caused by problem with the broadcaster.

4) Nothing happens, when I select a channel
Possible causes are:
1.   Network connection is down.
2.   Firewall or antivirus software blocks the network access for TVU Networks. You need to grant TVU Networks the permission for network access.


5) TVUPlayer's buffering level keeps being low (less than 50%) and the picture does not start
Likely the cause is due to network congestion. Make sure you have over 500kbps bandwidth.

6) Some funny characters appear in the channel list
The software supports multiple languages. If you do not have Unicode Character set installed, non-western character will not be displayed properly.

7) The application does not run on Linux or Mac
Currently TVUPlayer is for Windows only, not available for Linux or Mac. Please email to info@TVUNetworks.com, we will inform you when it is available.


TVU networks – Frequently Asked Questions

About the TVU service

What is TVU networks?

How does the TVU networks service work?

When will I be able to see my favorite channel on TVU networks?

Is TVU networks free?

Is TVU networks safe?

Product questions and issues

What do I need to be able to watch TVU networks?

How do I play a channel?

Why does it take time to start up a new channel?

Why didn't the channel I selected come up?

What if I only want to see the video, without the channel list?

About the TVU networks service

What is TVU networks?
TVU networks has built a new broadband Internet television service which broadcasters from around the world can use to broadcast live TV to a global audience.  We show you channels you can't find on your local cable or satellite system, such as news and sports from around the world.  TVU allows anyone to be a broadcaster (all you need is a PC and a broadband connection) so people are constantly creating new channels.

How does TVU networks work?
TVU networks uses real-time packet replication, which is very much like P2P file sharing, except that the video is brought to you in real time.  Every additional viewer watching a channel helps make the network stronger and helps improve the signal of all the other viewers watching the same channel.

When will I be able to see my favorite channel on TVU networks?
The channels we have available are displayed in the TVU Player application.  Our broadcasters are constantly adding new channels, so be sure to check back periodically. 

Is TVU networks free?
The TVU networks service is free to both viewers and broadcasters.  We will enable broadcasters to create premium channels, which will be available through monthly subscriptions, but the basic service will always be free.

Is TVU networks safe?
TVU networks is 100% safe.  Unlike almost any other Internet application, the TVU networks service doesn't write any data to your hard disk, other than the TVU player itself and a few necessary configuration files.  This makes it almost impossible for virus, worms, and the like to spread via the TVU networks service.


Product questions and issues

What do I need to be able to watch TVU networks?
To watch TVU, you need a PC running Windows (2000, XP, or Vista), and a broadband Internet connection with a minimum bandwidth of 300kbps, such as DSL or cable modem.  You'll also need our free downloadable TVUPlayer application, available here.  Alternately, you can watch our featured channels in your web browser on the Channels page.  Finally, you'll also need Microsoft's Media Player, version 9 or above (version 10 is recommended).  This component ships with Windows, so you'll usually have it already.

How do I play a channel?
The TVU Player starts up in the Channel Guide.  The channels that are broadcasting right now are listed in the channel list on the left side of the screen.  If you click on the name of a channel, it will start playing after a brief delay (typically 5-30 seconds).

Why does it take time to start up a new channel?
When you switch to a new channel, the TVU Player immediately starts filling up a buffer with data from that channel.  When the buffer is ready, the channel starts playing – the amount of time it takes is dependent on how much bandwidth you have and who else is watching.  After you start up the channel, watch the status line below the video, which will tell you how fast the buffer is filling up, and the Signal indicator, which gives you more "bars" as the buffer fills up.

Why didn't the channel I selected come up?
Before you start up a channel, look at the Signal indicator ("cellphone" bars) in the blue channel information window.  The number of bars gives you an idea of what kind of reception you're likely to get on that channel.  If a channel doesn't come up, it's usually because there isn't enough bandwidth available for the channel (from the broadcaster, from you, and from the other viewers).  The TVU networks service is a new frontier, and people are constantly trying experiments; not all of them work out.

What if I only want to see the video, without the channel list?
To see just the video, push the button labeled "Full View".  This puts you into a mode that shows only the video.  You can use this mode to tuck the TV screen away in a corner of your monitor, or you can use the Windows maximize button in the top right of the screen to make the video fill your entire screen.

 

Thanks for watching TVU networks!

The TVU networks team

 



Download TVUBroadcast Software

Please read our Terms of Service and our Copyright FAQ

 

Windows (XP) Version  v1.0.3beta6
Released Date:  Mar. 21,  2007
Better performance with low upload bandwidth
Linux Version   v2.1.1beta14
Released Date:  Mar. 21, 2007 
free download

Broadcast FAQ
        TVU Broadcaster FAQ

Broadcast User Manual
        Linux Version User Manual
        Windows Version User Manual

Support
        Support Forums

TVUBroadcast FAQ

 

The Basics

What is the TVUBroadcast application?

Is broadcasting on TVU free?

What is TVU's content policy?

What do I need to become a TVUBroadcaster?

Can you explain the basic broadcasting process?

Technical Details

Which operating systems does the TVUBroadcast application support?

How powerful does my PC need to be?

How much Internet bandwidth do I need to broadcast my channel?

What signal bandwidth should I use for my channel?

Which media encoders does TVU recommend?

What media format does TVU require?

What is the "Media URL" in the TVUBroadcast application?

What is the "Port" in the TVUBroadcast application?

What is QS?

What is QC?

How can I improve QC?

Can you give me an example of how to broadcast live video?

 

The Basics

What is the TVUBroadcast application?

TVU's free Broadcast application is designed to allow anyone with a PC (Windows or Linux) and a broadband internet connection to create their own TV channel.  TVU's goal in releasing this software is to democratize broadcasting – enabling existing TV channels to find a global audience, and allowing you to create new channels that mirror your interests.  We hope that you'll create unique channels that are educational, cultural, and most of all, just plain fun.  We'd love to see surfing channels, high school sports channels, great webcams, and things we never even thought of. 

Is broadcasting on TVU free?

Yes it is.  TVU sells broadcast hardware and services to professional broadcasters, but for amateur broadcasters using the downloadable software, there are no charges for broadcasting on TVU.

What is TVU's content policy?

First, TVU respects the rights of copyright holders.   As a broadcaster, you affirm that you have the legal right to broadcast the material you show on TVU.  Second, we ask that you not broadcast any "adult" content.  If you break these rules, TVU may shut down your channel without any notice.

What do I need to become a TVUBroadcaster?

To become a broadcaster, you'll need a PC running Windows (2000, XP, or 2003 Server; with IE 6.0) or Linux, and a broadband Internet connection.  You'll need to download the TVUBroadcast application, and fill out an application for your channel.  In this process, you'll create a broadcaster account (ID/password), and TVU will assign you a Channel ID.  You'll probably also need a piece of add-on hardware to get video into your PC, and a third-party media encoder program – see below.

Can you explain the basic broadcasting process?

- First, you'll need to make the media (video and/or audio) that you want to broadcast available to your PC.  If it's already there, in the form of files, or if it's in the form of a stream that's available over the Internet, then you're OK.  If not, you'll usually need a hardware add-on, either an external device that connects to your PC via FireWire or USB 2.0, or an internal capture card.  Your video source will plug into that device.

- Second, you'll probably have to "encode" the files or the video source into the format (Windows Media Video, or WMV for short) that the TVUBroadcast application recognizes.  You can do this with third-party "media encoder" software that's freely downloadable on the Internet.  If you're re-broadcasting a stream from the Internet, you won't need to do this if the source is already in WMV format.  If you're broadcasting from files, and they're not already in WMV format, we recommend encoding them ahead of time.  If you're broadcasting from a live video source (i.e. video coming in over a hardware device, as discussed above), you'll be encoding in real time, i.e. running both the encoder program and the TVUBroadcast application at the same time.

- Third, you use the TVUBroadcast application to broadcast your encoded signal out to the TVU network.

Technical Details

Which operating systems does the TVUBroadcast application support?

We have two versions of the Broadcast application that you can download:  one for Windows (2000, XP, or 2003 Server), and one for Linux.  If you're running a Windows PC, you should also have Internet Explorer (IE) version 6.0 or above.

How powerful does my PC need to be?

The TVUBroadcast application is not very demanding, however the media encoders are very processor-intensive.  So if you're encoding and broadcasting live video, you'll want a fairly powerful PC.  Power needs will go up with signal bandwidth and the quality of the image (see the signal bandwidth discussion below).  The absolute minimum we'd recommend is a 1GHz processor and 128MB of RAM. If the encoding is done on the same machine, then the recommended Windows PC would have a dual core processor running at 1GHz or more and at least 512MB of RAM.  For best results (highest video quality), we recommend a dual core processor running at 2.4GHz or more.  PCs running Linux will not need to be quite as powerful as Windows PCs.  If your encoder program "hangs" while you're broadcasting a live video signal, we suggest you try a lower signal bandwidth because your PC may not be powerful enough to encode your signal in real time.

How much Internet bandwidth do I need to broadcast my channel?

What matters for broadcasting is the "upload" speed of your Internet connection.  We recommend that your upload speed be a minimum of 2x the signal bandwidth (see the signal bandwidth discussion below) you decide to use for your channel.  We recommend 4x, and 10x will give the best results (best viewer experience).  So for example, if you use a signal bandwidth of 120Kbps, you'd need a minimum of 240Kbps of upload speed, with 480Kbps as the recommended speed, and 1.2Mbps as the optimum speed.  If you don't have enough upload bandwidth, users will tend to have a bad experience viewing your channel, for example long start-up times and frequent "glitches" in the signal.

What signal bandwidth should I use for my channel?

The TVU technology allows the use of any signal bandwidth.  Practically speaking, though, since TVU is a peer-to-peer (P2P) based system, it's important to consider what upload bandwidth your viewers will have available.  The average upload bandwidth of your viewers needs to be greater than or equal to the signal bandwidth you choose.  Our experience is that the average TVU viewer has an upload bandwidth of 300-350 Kbps, and therefore most TVU channels fall in that range.  Some TVU channels (mostly marked with a "(low)" in their name in the Channels list) use a lower bandwidth of about 120 Kbps.  Since you, as the originating broadcaster, will need multiples (2x minimum, 4x recommended, 10x ideal) of your signal bandwidth, your own upload speed may also limit your choices.  If your encoder program "hangs" while you're broadcasting a live video signal, we suggest you try a lower signal bandwidth because your PC may not be powerful enough to encode your signal in real time.

A typical standard-bandwidth TVU channel uses 289Kbps for video, at a size of 320x240 and a frame rate of 30 frames per second (fps), and 32Kbps for audio.  A typical low-bandwidth TVU channel uses 101Kbps for video, at a size of 320x240 and 15 fps, and 16Kbps for audio.  The choice is yours – pick any combination that you feel will work well for your channel, given the PC power and upload bandwidth that you have available.

Which media encoders does TVU recommend?

For Windows, we recommend either Microsoft's Windows Media Encoder (WME), version 9 or above, or the freeware VideoLAN Client (VLC).  WME is easier to use if you're new to PC video.  For Linux, we recommend VLC.  Both can be downloaded for free on the Internet.

What media format does TVU require?

For maximum compatibility, TVU requires the use of the Windows Media Video (WMV; *.wmv for files) format.

What is the "Media URL" in the TVUBroadcast application?

This is how you tell the Broadcast application what to broadcast – the URL is the address of the stream that will be broadcast.  If you're re-broadcasting a stream available on the Internet, simply enter its URL here.  If you're encoding the video/audio as you broadcast it, this URL is used to communicate between you and the encoder; the URL you enter should match what you've set the encoder to.

What is the "Port" in the TVUBroadcast application?

This is the port through which you're broadcasting to the outside world.  The Broadcast application selects a port for you, which you can override if you want.  The Broadcast application should be able to get through your firewall, if you have one. However, we recommend that if you're using a firewall, you open the port to get the best results from the application.  If you do this, you'll want to use the same port number every time you start up the Broadcast application.  Consult your firewall manual for information on how to open ports.

What is QS?

QS stands for Quality of Source Stream. It usually should be above 90%, if your media encoder is on your local machine.

What is QC?

QC stands for Quality of Channel. It is a good idea to keep it above 75%.

How can I improve QC?

1) Make sure that your stream bit rate is less than half of your upload bandwidth.
2) Stop any program which may consume your upload bandwidth, such as file sharing software or TVUPlayer.

Can you give me an example of how to broadcast live video?

Assuming you've already connected up your video source and downloaded the encoder (Windows Media Encoder 9 in this example), here's an example of live broadcasting:

1) Start up WME (it's the application called "wmenc" in the Program Files\Windows Media Components\Encoder folder); 

2) Click the "New Session" button;

3) Select the "Broadcast a live event" wizard;

4) In the Device Options page, tell WME what video and audio source to use;

5) Select "Pull from the Encoder" in the Broadcast Methods page;

6) In the Broadcast Connection page, select a port (this is a port that will be used internally to communicate with the Broadcast application; it's NOT the same as the port referred to in the Broadcast application, which is used between the Broadcast application and the outside world) and write down the URL shown as "URL for Internet connections" (you'll need it in a minute);

7) Select your signal bandwidth in the Encoding Options page (see the "signal bandwidth" section above);

8) Press "Finish".  Now you've got the encoder running and you're ready to broadcast.  9) Open the TVUBroadcast application, log in, enter the URL from step #6 above and your Channel ID (which TVU assigned to you when you applied for the channel), pick a Port (you should be able to use the one that the application picks for you), and press "Start".  That's it - you're broadcasting!

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看遍国外卫视P2P网络电视全攻略(图文)

传统电视功能不足 网络电视应运而生

在日常收看电视的过程中,大家有没有遇到过这样的情况呢:家人经常为抢占电视而绞尽脑汁;由于电视台的节目安排问题,好多节目(尤其是足球转播)不能够及时播出,从而留下遗憾等等。我们将如何是好呢?

数字电视技术已经出现了,并且已经有一段时间了。传统的有线电视的地位不可动摇。就普通有线电视而言,频道一般为50个左右,一般来说已经满足大众 的需求。然而相比起数字电视,它的互动性、节目多样性、播放效果远不及数字电视。可是数字电视在我国还是一个新的方式,人们对它的认知程度不高。于是,网 络电视出现了,拥有传统电视的特点,还拥有数字电视的特性——互动性,这就可以满足一些人群的需求。

轻松看遍国外卫视!网络TV软件全攻略
电视剧
轻松看遍国外卫视!网络TV软件全攻略
体育节目

随着宽带网络深入千家万户,越来越多的网络生活环绕着我们。现在不仅仅是聊天,下载游戏等,像网络电话(VOIP)、网络电视(IPTV)等新一代的生活方式进入我们的视线,来充实我们的娱乐生活。

那么,说了这么半天,什么是网络电视呢?以及它的特性、原理、使用条件又是什么呢?让我们往下看。

何谓网络电视?与传统电视有何区别?

网络电视,也就是IPTV(Internet Protocol TV / Interactive Personal TV,基于互联网协议的电视或是个人的互动电视)是通过宽带网络(如ADSL、铁通、长宽等),以家用电视机+机顶盒或PC显示器来显示图像,能够播放电 影、电视节目等多种节目,通常使用WMP、Realone/Real player等视频播放软件来进行播放。我们不仅能收看一般的节目,还可以视频点播(VOD)、直播、录播、数据广播、游戏呢!

相对于传统电视,网络电视有它自己的优势:互动个性化、节目丰富多样、收视方便快捷、可以接收普通有线电视没有的外地或外国的频道。

典型的电视盒和电视卡

使用电视卡和电视盒也可以在电脑上看电视。但是,这还需要一些电脑硬件知识,进行硬件安装。这可能比较困难。网络电视可不用这么麻烦,只需安装一个软件,上网就行了。这多简单,方便!

但是,网络电视也有些缺点:网络电视的实时性比家用电视要慢一些。它的收视效果不如家用电视,比如屏幕较小,流畅性一般。可能会有一些外国电视台播 出的成人节目,因此还需自我控制。网络电视软件厂商增设了一些电影频道,在这些频道播出的电影的版权问题又成了大家关心的问题。

网络电视的原理、收看条件

像今天我们所介绍的这几款软件来说,PPLIVE是采用的p2p(point to point ,点对点)技术,和emule的原理一样,就是下载和上传同时进行,类似于bt。沸点网络电视也是采用类似于bt的技术。这两个都是,人越多越快,而且节目还清晰。

IPTV系统示意图

为什么说采用了p2p技术,就人越多越快呢?让我来打个比方,介绍一下p2p。比如有100个人在下载某部电影,那么也就是说有99人在为另外这一 个人提供下载资源,所以只要你的"带宽"允许,速度可以达到无限快。qq网络电视,实际上是一个网站,做了一个简单的软件,关键是勤快,到处搜罗网上电视 节目源,通过链接提供给大家。

像天天卫星网络电视是采用专用服务器以及微波通道来进行节目的传输。

一般来说,收看网络电视只需要您拥有一台电脑。当然了,别是古董级别的电脑,一般的电脑配置还是可以的。还需要至少大于400Kbps的宽带。那么 拨号上网就不行了。一般对于北京ADSL的用户,都能够收看。因为ADSL的最低带宽为512Kbps,因此,能够满足收看网络电视的条件。有些网络电视 软件需要付费,因此如使用收费网络电视软件,用户要想正常使用,必须得付费注册。

(注:512Kbps=64 KB/s,1Mbps=128 KB/s,2Mbps=256 KB/s,换算后的数值是极限下载速率。极限下载速率是影响网络电视收看效果的主要原因)

一般来说,软件要求是使用windows media player(wmp)9或者Realone player 2.0以上。

网络电视:发展前途一片光明

对于网络高速发展今天,网络应用的方向将越来越广泛。因此网络电视将会有很好的前途,可在某些方面代替传统电视,并且拥有一些数字电视的特性,成为 人们网络生活不可或缺的一部分。我想,随着网络技术的不断升级,网络电视的效果也会越来越高,或许今后将成为收看电视的另一途径。

但是,为了网络电视的顺利发展,还需两个方面来进行保证:

1、技术方面——这会弥补当今网络电视收看效果不好的缺点。

点击放大查看:相同带宽,编码更加先进的H.264画质优势明显

(1) 视频压缩技术的进步。能在网络条件不好的情况下,播放效果不差。视频压缩技术的发展可是对网络电视有着重要的作用。

(2) 宽带互联网的迅速发展。它为网络电视提供了可靠、稳定的传输通路。更大的入户带宽将提供质量更好的收视效果。

2、用户和网络提供商的配合——这将丰富网络电视的内容,从而满足人们的需求

当宽带互联网迅速发展之时,用户对于多媒体信息的需求大大增加,网络电视的发展是顺应了消费者的需求。由于网络电视是最近才刚刚兴起,所以网络用户对此的需求还是很大的。

当然,基于市场供求关系,供应方——网络提供商需要提供许多网络资源,不仅要满足一般用户的需求,还要满足一些特殊用户的要求。那么,免费的网络电 视可能就像网游的免费阶段一样,最终还是要收费的。否则网络电视提供商的自身利益很难保证,这最终将影响我们的利益。因此我们相互付出一些,网络电视才会 有更好的发展。

网络电视软件介绍 STV-深蓝卫星网络电视

  1、STV-深蓝卫星网络电视(上网加速版) v2.70 Build 1026 Final 正式版

轻松看遍国外卫视!网络TV软件全攻略

  软件特色:

  (1) 拥有上网加速功能

  (2) 提供超过600多套超高清晰的卫星电视节目

  (3) 软件的开发采用了先进的多地址卫星频道自动协调系统。采用先进的播放器加速引擎和智能链接技术,自动分析网络状态,软件自动配置最佳速度方案。为用户创造最佳收看环境。

  (4) 提供境内外广播、经典电影,网络流行的BT视频,网友自拍节目等。VIP版本提供更多激情节目。

  (5) 节目收看率高,有专门技术人员负责,保证节目的质量

  (6) 独创遥控器及选台面板

  (7) 绿色软件,体积小,启动速度快,占用系统资源少

  启动画面,直接连接服务器

轻松看遍国外卫视!网络TV软件全攻略 轻松看遍国外卫视!网络TV软件全攻略
轻松看遍国外卫视!网络TV软件全攻略 轻松看遍国外卫视!网络TV软件全攻略 轻松看遍国外卫视!网络TV软件全攻略

使用感受:这个软件,我认为操作比较麻烦,选个台还要点击三下。但是频道数目的确多,是本次几款软件中频道数目最多的。和它的特点一样,效果的确出众!要不人家为什么收费,一分钱一分货。

轻松看遍国外卫视!网络TV软件全攻略
STV-深蓝卫星网络电视的节目截图
轻松看遍国外卫视!网络TV软件全攻略
在选择电视频道后的连接界面
轻松看遍国外卫视!网络TV软件全攻略
选择网络运营商,由于我是北京ADSL的用户,因此选用"中国网通
轻松看遍国外卫视!网络TV软件全攻略
系统栏的显示
网络电视软件介绍 卫星网络电视「蜘蛛侠系列」
  天天卫星网络电视[蜘蛛侠系列] v5.58 Final 普通版

轻松看遍国外卫视!网络TV软件全攻略

  软件特色:

  (1)专用服务器以及微波通道,提供热点节目,节目收看率高

  (2)免费提供超过1600多套超高清晰的卫星电视节目,所涉及的电视台超多

  (3)更免费提供境内外广播、特别影视、精彩实况等特别节目

  (4)内置多种加速引擎,智能分析网络状态追寻最佳速度方案

  (5)软件体积小,启动速度快,占用系统资源少

  (6)数据更新及时,并由专业人士测试保障,保证节目传输的及时和稳定

轻松看遍国外卫视!网络TV软件全攻略

使用感受:界面简单易操作,播放效果相当一般,不如STV-深蓝卫星网络电视的好。

网络电视软件介绍 PPLive

  PPLive v1.0.7.4 Final 免费版

 

轻松看遍国外卫视!网络TV软件全攻略

系统栏中的pplive
轻松看遍国外卫视!网络TV软件全攻略
右键的选项菜单
轻松看遍国外卫视!网络TV软件全攻略
选择"频道列表",但是现在好多频道都看不了
轻松看遍国外卫视!网络TV软件全攻略
选择"配置",网络配置

  软件特色:

  (1)采用p2p技术,因此在线观看人数越多,节目越流畅

  (2)对系统要求不高,占用系统资源少

  (3)使用时数据缓存在内存里,不在硬盘上存储数据,对硬盘无任何伤害!

  (4)多点下载,动态寻找到最近的链接进行连接,保证节目播放效果好

  (5)支持多种格式的流媒体文件,如mms、asf 等

轻松看遍国外卫视!网络TV软件全攻略
选好频道后,pplive开始连接
轻松看遍国外卫视!网络TV软件全攻略
cctv新闻台的节目

使用感受:此软件小巧,操作简单,网络设置有水平,在免费软件里算是好的。但播放效果一般。

网络电视软件介绍 沸点网络电视

  

轻松看遍国外卫视!网络TV软件全攻略

右键的选择菜单,分别为选择频道(select channel)选择语言(select language)设置(setting) 关于(about) 退出(exit)
轻松看遍国外卫视!网络TV软件全攻略
右键菜单中的设置

  软件特色:

  (1)对电脑硬件要求不高

  (2)人越多越快,节目质量愈好

  (3)更新快

  (4)肯定免费

轻松看遍国外卫视!网络TV软件全攻略
选择频道,频道数目不多
轻松看遍国外卫视!网络TV软件全攻略
cctv-5的体育节目

使用感受:的确小巧,但是这次居然成了英文版,我以前使用一直是中文的,不知为何?频道数目少啊,位居倒数第二。

网络电视软件介绍 QQ直播

  QQ直播QQLive v2.0 Final 正式版

轻松看遍国外卫视!网络TV软件全攻略

系统栏中的QQLive
轻松看遍国外卫视!网络TV软件全攻略
QQLive的主界面

软件特色:

(1)解决直播流媒体发布难的问题

(2)实现观众越多,播放越流畅

(3)自主开发编解码器,确保了节目的安全性和高质量播放的需求

(4)强大的防火墙穿透能力

(5)数据操作均在内存中完成,对硬盘无伤害

(6)低配置、低宽带系统也可享受QQ直播的服务

轻松看遍国外卫视!网络TV软件全攻略
由于频道最少,所以只选择了码率最高的"非寻影视",这是其播放电影的节选

使用感受:频道数目少得可怜,播放效果不好,但是软件界面新颖,易于操作。

总结 五种软件完全点评

频道数目:天天卫星网络电视、STV-深蓝卫星网络电视、PPLive相对于QQ直播QQLive和沸点网络电视来说是相当不错的,能够满足不同人群的需要,但是并不是说那几款就不是很好,其实就一般应用来说,足矣。

连接速度方面:经过笔者的掐表计算,以上五种软件的从打开到出现画面的时间差不多,不会给人一种等待半天才出影的感觉。

播放效果:由于我自己使用的是ADSL 512kbps的用户,因此感觉可以接受,每个软件都有几个频道的节目是相当清晰的,大部分的频道播放效果哈还可以。STV-深蓝卫星网络电视的播放效果最好!!(注:当时没有bt和下载任何东西)

收费与否:本次所介绍的五款软件,只有天天卫星网络电视、STV-深蓝卫星网络电视是付费的,如果不付费,会影响使用。其他三个就是免费的。

软件使用人群分类:

1、对于特别喜爱外国电视台和一些内外广播、经典电影等特别节目,而且对播放效果有一定要求用户来说,收费软件是比较适合你们的。而且注册费用也不高。

2、一般用户。只是收看一些普通的电视节目,PPLive、QQ直播QQLive、沸点网络电视是最适合不过的了。

作者推荐,经过使用的比较:

在免费软件中,PPLive是大家不二的选择,频道数目多,个性化选择也多,各方面设置相对齐全。

在收费软件中,STV-深蓝卫星网络电视是最好的,各方面都让人满意,尤其是播出效果。

应用宝典:使用中的简单问题解答

1、有时候连结好后不出图像,这是为什么?

答:可以先等一会就会好。或者播放器的版本不够要求。也有可能是由于网络速度不行,导致没有图像。

2、我是单位的局域网用户,为什么不能收看网络电视?

答:可能是upnp 功能没有打开。首先要开启路由器或网络交换设备的upnp 功能,然后再开启操作系统的upnp 功能(只限于xp系统)。然后打开网络电视的upnp 功能,一般来说,这样就可以了。

3、为什么我观看电视的时候会很慢?以及有部分电视台提示无法连接?

答:可能是由于服务器,网络状态不正常而导致问题的出现。因此建议大家换个连接。

4、我不想使用WMP来播放网络电视,如何使用Realplayer呢?

答:点击Realplayer格式的节目,这时会自动打开Realplayer,第一次使用Realplayer播放网络视频的话,这时会弹出一个提示框,是否要对链接速度进行设置,选择"是"。

轻松看遍国外卫视!网络TV软件全攻略

根据你所使用网络的带宽情况选择适合你的链接速率,如果是宽带的话,建议选择"正常:DSL/电缆(512Kbps)"

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CPU 参数详解

CPU是Central Processing Unit(中央处理器)的缩写,CPU一般由逻辑运算单元、控制单元和存储单元组成。在逻辑运算和控制单元中包括一些寄存器,这些寄存器用于CPU在处理 数据过程中数据的暂时保存。大家需要重点了解的CPU主要指标/参数有:
1.主频
主频,也就是CPU的时钟频率,简单地说也就是CPU的工作频率,例如我们常说的P4(奔四)1.8GHz,这个1.8GHz(1800MHz)就是 CPU的主频。一般说来,一个时钟周期完成的指令数是固定的,所以主频越高,CPU的速度也就越快。主频=外频X倍频。
此外,需要说明的是AMD的Athlon XP系列处理器其主频为PR(Performance Rating)值标称,例如Athlon XP 1700+和1800+。举例来说,实际运行频率为1.53GHz的Athlon XP标称为1800+,而且在系统开机的自检画面、Windows系统的系统属性以及WCPUID等检测软件中也都是这样显示的。
2.外频
外频即CPU的外部时钟频率,主板及CPU标准外频主要有66MHz、100MHz、133MHz几种。此外主板可调的外频越多、越高越好,特别是对于超频者比较有用。
3.倍频
倍频则是指CPU外频与主频相差的倍数。例如Athlon XP 2000+的CPU,其外频为133MHz,所以其倍频为12.5倍。
4.接口
接口指CPU和主板连接的接口。主要有两类,一类是卡式接口,称为SLOT,卡式接口的CPU像我们经常用的各种扩展卡,例如显卡、声卡等一样是竖立插到 主板上的,当然主板上必须有对应SLOT插槽,这种接口的CPU目前已被淘汰。另一类是主流的针脚式接口,称为Socket,Socket接口的CPU有 数百个针脚,因为针脚数目不同而称为Socket370、Socket478、Socket462、Socket423等。
5.缓存
缓存就是指可以进行高速数据交换的存储器,它先于内存与CPU交换数据,因此速度极快,所以又被称为高速缓存。与处理器相关的缓存一般分为两种——L1缓 存,也称内部缓存;和L2缓存,也称外部缓存。例如Pentium4"Willamette"内核产品采用了423的针脚架构,具备400MHz的前端总 线,拥有256KB全速二级缓存,8KB一级追踪缓存,SSE2指令集。
内部缓存(L1 Cache)
也就是我们经常说的一级高速缓存。在CPU里面内置了高速缓存可以提高CPU的运行效率,内置的L1高速缓存的容量和结构对CPU的性能影响较大,L1缓 存越大,CPU工作时与存取速度较慢的L2缓存和内存间交换数据的次数越少,相对电脑的运算速度可以提高。不过高速缓冲存储器均由静态RAM组成,结构较 复杂,在CPU管芯面积不能太大的情况下,L1级高速缓存的容量不可能做得太大,L1缓存的容量单位一般为KB。
外部缓存(L2 Cache)
CPU外部的高速缓存,外部缓存成本昂贵,所以Pentium 4 Willamette核心为外部缓存256K,但同样核心的赛扬4代只有128K。
6.多媒体指令集
为了提高计算机在多媒体、3D图形方面的应用能力,许多处理器指令集应运而生,其中最著名的三种便是Intel的MMX、SSE/SSE2和AMD的3D NOW!指令集。理论上这些指令对目前流行的图像处理、浮点运算、3D运算、视频处理、音频处理等诸多多媒体应用起到全面强化的作用。
7.制造工艺
早期的处理器都是使用0.5微米工艺制造出来的,随着CPU频率的增加,原有的工艺已无法满足产品的要求,这样便出现了0.35微米以及0.25微米工 艺。制作工艺越精细意味着单位体积内集成的电子元件越多,而现在,采用0.18微米和0.13微米制造的处理器产品是市场上的主流,例如 Northwood核心P4采用了0.13微米生产工艺。而在2003年,Intel和AMD的CPU的制造工艺会达到0.09毫米。
8.电压(Vcore)
CPU的工作电压指的也就是CPU正常工作所需的电压,与制作工艺及集成的晶体管数相关。正常工作的电压越低,功耗越低,发热减少。CPU的发展方向,也 是在保证性能的基础上,不断降低正常工作所需要的电压。例如老核心Athlon XP的工作电压为1.75v,而新核心的Athlon XP其电压为1.65v
9.封装形式
所谓CPU封装是CPU生产过程中的最后一道工序,封装是采用特定的材料将CPU芯片或CPU模块固化在其中以防损坏的保护措施,一般必须在封装后CPU 才能交付用户使用。CPU的封装方式取决于CPU安装形式和器件集成设计,从大的分类来看通常采用Socket插座进行安装的CPU使用PGA(栅格阵 列)方式封装,而采用Slot x槽安装的CPU则全部采用SEC(单边接插盒)的形式封装。现在还有PLGA(Plastic Land Grid Array)、OLGA(Organic Land Grid Array)等封装技术。由于市场竞争日益激烈,目前CPU封装技术的发展方向以节约成本为主。
10.整数单元和浮点单元
ALU—运算逻辑单元,这就是我们所说的"整数"单元。数学运算如加减乘除以及逻辑运算如"OR、AND、ASL、ROL"等指令都在逻辑运算单元中执行。在多数的软件程序中,这些运算占了程序代码的绝大多数。
而浮点运算单元FPU(Floating Point Unit)主要负责浮点运算和高精度整数运算。有些FPU还具有向量运算的功能,另外一些则有专门的向量处理单元。
整数处理能力是CPU运算速度最重要的体现,但浮点运算能力是关系到CPU的多媒体、3D图形处理的一个重要指标,所以对于现代CPU而言浮点单元运算能力的强弱更能显示CPU的性能。
主流cpu参数可以参考下面两个地址
http://it.sohu.com/2004/05/11/75/article220087580.shtml
http://teway.net/Support_TechInfo.asp?newsid=1903
回答者:mlk666666 - 经理 四级 9-21 18:16
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时钟速度500GHz!IBM摘取最快芯片桂冠

〖原创〗小熊在线-layla  北京 2006年06月21日00:38 发表评论 查看评论
[文章简介]阅读 . 人次
IBM公司20日宣布摘取全球最快芯片桂冠,在深低温冷却的情况下令芯片的时钟速度超过了500GHz,而且IBM还计划利用SiGe硅锗技术将芯片的时钟速度... (368 字)

    IBM公司20日宣布摘取全球最快芯片桂冠,在深低温冷却的情况下令芯片的时钟速度超过了500GHz,IBM还计划利用SiGe硅锗技术将芯片的时钟速度提高到接近THz级别。

    上述成果为IBM公司与佐治亚理工学院的研究人员联合开发,旨在探究硅锗芯片所能达到的极限速度。

    在室温条件下,非特定的原型芯片可达到350GHz的时钟速度,使用液态氮将电路冷却至华氏零下451度(开氏4.5度,或摄氏零下268.5度)之后,时钟速度超过了500GHz,即每秒5000亿脉冲。

    IBM表示SiGe芯片有望获得更高的速度,现在可以确信室温下能够达到1000GHz(1THz)。IBM认为有关高速SiGe芯片的研究将催生新一代高效节能型微处理器。

    不过IBM认为拥有极限速度的芯片目前不会应用到PC,事实上,这种产品在商业通讯系统、国防电子、宇宙空间探索以及遥感等领域具有相当的发展潜力。

    IBM从1989年开始研究硅锗技术,并在1998年实现SiGe芯片的量产。

小熊在线-layla  北京 2006年06月21日00:38

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